The Path to Professional License: Delia Massey

In the science and engineering industry, seeing a “PE”, “LG”, “PMP”, or other initials behind someone’s name shows that person went through years of work experience that culminated in a substantial test to confirm the right to practice their area of technical expertise. A professional license is a proof statement that communicates that the people charged with designing roads and buildings; solving water supply challenges; cleaning up contaminated soil and water; and successfully managing project quality are qualified and ethically accountable professionals. Many go through this licensing journey but few outside that group know what the process is really like.

We’re telling those stories here. Aspect’s professionals are writing a series of articles that capture the trials and successes of studying for and receiving these career-defining milestones.

Delia Massey, Professional Engineering License

April, 2019 – Tested; April, 2019 – Awarded

Mountain Biking Happiness!
Photo Credit: Riley Seebeck (Flowphoto Co.) https://flowphotoco.smugmug.com/

Where did you start with your test prep?

I started by going through a review book and focusing on sections that had the highest percentage of questions on the test and that I needed the most help with. There weren’t a lot of options for study materials because I was taking the new computer-based test, but I went with the highly rated “PE Environmental Review” by Michael R. Lindeburg, PE from PPI. Once I was done reviewing, I began taking practice tests and would go back to review specific sections as needed.

Knowing the test material is just one part of the experience. What should a person gearing up to do this know about the mental, physical, and social aspects of test prep?

Preparing for your PE exam means making big sacrifices in your life outside of work. It takes a toll on your mental and physical state and your close relationships. I knew it would be hard, but the stress, anxiety, and burden of needing to succeed were worse than I imagined. I also put unnecessary amount of pressure on myself to pass the first time (only about 64 percent of people pass on their first try) because if I passed, I would be the first woman to receive a PE while working at Aspect.

I think part of what made preparing for the PE so hard for me was that I have a very active life outside of my engineering job. I am a semi-professional mountain biker, and I spend my free time riding bikes, working on bikes, planning for rides and races, and talking about bikes. I normally say yes to every adventure, and thrive off of a packed weekend and post-work schedule of outdoor activities. Getting outside to exercise solo or with friends helps calm my mind and gets me through hours of sitting at a computer for my day job.

Preparing for the test meant I had to say no to everything I loved so I could focus on my career, and I lost my physical, emotional, and social outlet. It meant spending my weekends indoors studying in addition to a full workload.

My anxiety about the exam grew to be almost unmanageable and I began to have panic attacks, which were terrifying and made it hard to focus on studying. I would allow myself to go on one bike ride per week, but I felt guilty for taking time off from studying. Usually, riding my bike is one of my biggest comforts when I’m feeling down, but during my final month of preparation, I was studying two days per weekend to prepare for the impending test. I tried to stay off social media because it made me sad and angry that everyone else was seemingly out having fun all the time, and I had nothing happy or positive to post about.

Bike-to-Work-Month Selfie!

What was the best piece of advice you received as you started your PE journey?

Figure out what works for you, not what works for someone else. I quickly realized that trying to study after a full day of work wasn’t effective for me, and moved my study days to the weekend. I also realized that starting 8 months before the exam and studying for 500 hours was not realistic for maintaining my sanity, so I set a goal of studying over 4 months, which equaled about 100 hours.

Walk us through the Big Test Day…

Exam day came, and I was tired and extremely nervous. I was one of the first people to take the computer-based test [1] , and I wasn't entirely sure what to expect.

It was stressful to have to decide when to take my lunch break while not knowing what the second half of the exam would look like, and I ended up guessing on a few questions to save half the allotted time for the second 40 questions.

I felt like I bombed the first half, and sat in my car at lunch, sobbing hysterically and debating whether I should just give up and drive away. I took a deep breath, reminded myself of how much preparation I had done, and tried to focus on positive self-talk, and went back in feeling much better about the second half, but was still afraid that wouldn’t be enough to pass.

I went home and spent the weekend in a dark mood, thinking I had failed and would have to re-take the exam, which would mean more weekends of studying, and admitting to everyone at my company that I was a failure.

How did you feel when you finally got the results?

Six days later I got my exam result (one benefit to taking the computer-based exam!). I HAD PASSED. I was so relieved I was shaking, crying, and laughing all at the same time—my hard work had paid off, I was a licensed professional engineer and I would never have to take that test again. My months of stress and anxiety and feeling isolated were over.

Getting my license nearly killed my soul, but it’s the biggest and most important milestone in my career, and necessary for me to advance in the environmental consulting field.

I am already seeing the benefits of having a license as I get to take on more responsibility at Aspect. It’s important to remember that while I had to give up my life for about four months, the benefits of getting my PE will last forever. The suffering and sacrifice are temporary.

Any parting advice?

Although the PE is really important for your career, remember that it is just one exam, and that passing or failing does not define the rest of your life. You may be surprised to find out which of your coworkers failed their first attempt at a professional licensing exam, yet are now licensed and highly successful!

Delia Massey, PE is a Project Engineer in Aspect’s Seattle office. She was the first woman to become a professional engineer while working at Aspect.


[1] Historically, the PE exam has been a written test where you have four hours to complete the first 40 questions, a set lunch break, and then four hours to complete the second 40 questions. Test takers were also able to bring in any reference materials to use during the exam. I was one of the first groups to take the computer-based test, which is formatted slightly differently. Examinees are allotted eight hours to take the whole exam, but you can only see the first 40 questions before your lunch break.

You choose when to take your lunch break, so you could spend 5 hours on the first half of the test, but then you would only have 3 hours for the second half, and you don’t know what the second 40 questions are until you return from lunch. And, test takers only have access to the supplied reference material (which you can use while you study), and you can’t bring in any outside reference materials.

Spotlight on PNW Water Resources Leaders: Twisp Mayor Soo Ing-Moody

Twisp’s Mayor, Soo Ing-Moody was recently profiled in the Seattle Times to shine a spotlight on her leading this rural and vital Northern Washington State town – a world-class destination for internationally-known cross country skiing and sunny season hiking and water recreation.

Over many years, Aspect played a key part in helping secure the Town’s water rights, which the Town worked on for almost two decades to make sure sensible development proceeds in this sought-after North Washington area.

Twisp Mayor Soo Ing-Moody
Photo Credit: Mike Siegel / The Seattle Times

Under the leadership of the Mayor, Aspect helped find and negotiate the purchase of enough water rights to grow for more than 20 years. The Town and Aspect also worked with Ecology to help obtain the necessary permits to make the transfer possible.

Read more about the Town and Mayor’s leadership here.

Dave Cook Declared “Rock Star” by Alma Mater Northern Arizona University

Principal Geologist Dave Cook is featured in the latest issue of Pine, the alumni magazine for Northern Arizona University. Dave reflects on how a rafting trip through the Grand Canyon while he was an undergrad in Ohio sparked his curiosity for geology and led him to NAU to earn his master’s degree in Geology. There, he focused research on a remote, little-studied part of the Canyon called the Chuar Group and its 800-million-year-old rocks that show evidence of an ancient sea.

The lessons Dave learned on that project—about geology, project management, and himself—have informed and enriched his current work leading clean up of contaminated land to create affordable housing in Seattle and other cities in the Pacific Northwest, as well as volunteer efforts with Engineers Without Borders USA and NAU. Read the full article here.

Lake Crescent Roadway Stabilization Project Honored with ASCE Award

The American Society of Civil Engineers’ (ASCE) Seattle Section honored Aspect’s Lake Crescent Roadway Improvement Project at their recent Local Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement (LOCEA) Awards ceremony. The project won this year’s award for Geotechnical Engineering, recognizing Aspect’s innovative moment slab design that widened and stabilized a key stretch of Highway 101 along Lake Crescent in Olympic National Park.

The two-lane stretch of Highway 101 and its varying geologic conditions prior to moment slab construction.

The two-lane stretch of Highway 101 and its varying geologic conditions prior to moment slab construction.

Principal Geotechnical Engineer Erik Andersen walked the group of 60 people watching online through the project and how Aspect got involved. A 400-foot-long section of two-lane road on the shore of Lake Crescent was in need of a permanent solution to address ongoing instability and widen the road. The Federal Highway Administration’s Western Federal Lands Highway Division (FHWA), who have jurisdiction over this part of Highway 101, recommended the unstable shoulder fill be removed, and a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall be constructed at or above the lake level.

Complex Geology + Unstable Shoreline = Great Engineering Challenge

This recommendation presented a host of challenges to an already complex site with varying geology and an unstable shoreline. Constructing the MSE wall would require blasting bedrock in some areas and constructing concrete beams in other areas where bedrock was below the lake elevation, which would be difficult to execute within the 4-hour windows they were permitted to have both lanes of the highway closed. Blasting the rock and construction near the lake would greatly disturb wildlife, fish, and the lake itself. Strider Construction, tasked with building the MSE wall, determined this concept was too difficult and risky. They turned to Aspect to develop a safer and more constructible alternative. Erik and Staff Engineer Henry N. Haselton brainstormed with Strider and FHWA to develop a moment slab design.

Rebar reinforces the moment slab that extends over the shoreline but doesn’t impact the water.

Rebar reinforces the moment slab that extends over the shoreline but doesn’t impact the water.

Henry and Ken Wilson from Integrity Structural Engineering joined the presentation to discuss the analysis and design for the slab. The heavily reinforced concrete slab was designed to be supported on the shore at one end and suspend (or cantilever) over the embankment. It required significantly less excavation and blasting from the site, eliminated the need for temporary shoring, and could be completed without disturbing the pristine waters of Lake Crescent. With the easier design in place, construction moved at a more predictable pace. Ultimately, work was completed three weeks earlier and saved the project over $100,000, as compared with the original MSE wall concept.

Bellingham Waterfront Project Also Honored

Aspect contributed to the success of another of the night’s honorees. Project Geologist Matthew von der Ahe provided hazardous material mitigation during construction of KPFF’s Granary Avenue and Laurel Street Project. This roadway/bike lane/sidewalk project for the City of Bellingham improved access into Waypoint Park (itself a winning project) on the former industrial site that housed the Georgia-Pacific Tissue Mill.

Photo from City of Bellingham website.

Photo from City of Bellingham website.

This year’s other LOCEA winners are:

  • Small Projects and Non-Construction Study: CSO 171 Outfall Project (HDR and team)

  • Transportation and Development Engineering:  NE 45th Street East Approach Seismic Retrofit Project (HDR and team)

  • Water Resources and Environmental Engineering: Meydenbauer Bay Park Project (Anchor QEA and team)

  • Ports and Waterways Engineering: WWPS043 Emergency Force Main Replacement Project (Staheli Trenchless Consultants and teams)

The Path to Professional License: Taylor Dayton

In the science and engineering industry, seeing a “PE”, “LG”, “PMP”, or other initials behind someone’s name shows that person went through years of work experience that culminated in a substantial test to confirm the right to practice their area of technical expertise. A professional license is a proof statement that communicates that the people charged with designing roads and buildings; solving water supply challenges; cleaning up contaminated soil and water; and successfully managing project quality are qualified and ethically accountable professionals. Many go through this licensing journey but few outside that group know what the process is really like.

We’re telling those stories here. Aspect’s professionals are writing a series of articles that capture the trials and successes of studying for and receiving these career-defining milestones.

Taylor Dayton, Professional Engineering License

October 2019 – Tested; January, 2020 – Awarded OR PE; May, 2020 – Reciprocity WA PE.

There comes a point in every engineer-in-training’s life where you have to face the music. Eight years into my field of practice, I had my own hardhat, leather-bound hydraulic flow data quick reference manual, and a fancy metal scale ruler sitting on the corner of my desk. I’d written hundreds of pages worth of technical reports and wiled away long afternoons in AutoCAD wondering why the newest version hid all the buttons I needed to pull together a construction plan set. I’d even replumbed part of my own home successfully after mistakenly spilling a can full of black beans down my garbage disposal – confirmation that my skills can fix real-world problems.

Eight years in, it seemed like my career was going well, but there was one specter looming. The state licensing board has chosen the eight-year mark as the best time for a casual spot check of your developing skillset through a 9-hour NCESS-administered examination of every engineering concept you’ve ever learned. If you are successful, you gain the privilege of ordering new business cards with two tiny letters at the end of your name.

Where did you start with your test prep?

I started studying in March 2019 in preparation to take the October 2019 exam. My goal was to hit 300 hours of dedicated study time. Because of my degrees (undergraduate in biochemistry and master’s in civil engineering, with water and wastewater focus) I knew I would be strong in chemistry, pumps, and pipes, but not have as much experience with air engineering or landfill design.

Knowing the test material is just one part of the experience. What should a person gearing up to do this know about the mental, physical, and social aspects of test prep?

This was my general approach to the exam. Season your preparation approach to taste.

  1. Philosophy: Failure was not an option. I was committed to temporarily sacrificing elements of my work/life balance to make sure I would nail this exam on the first try.

  2. Time Management: I evaluated my performance at work, talked to my manager, and adjusted my commitments to what was realistically possible knowing that I would need enough mental energy to hit the books just about every day before or after work. I minimized travel where possible and dialed down on my business development efforts while I was preparing for my exam.

  3. Friends and Family: I notified everyone in my life of my six-month commitment to a disgruntled hermit lifestyle. I set up a dedicated study space and committed up to two hours a day during the week and up to 12 hours on the weekends. If this sounds like a HUGE time commitment, it was. I’m not really geared for partial commitments to things.

  4. Mental/Physical Health: I blocked out and prioritized a time to hit the gym four times a week. This is absolutely critical. You will be consuming many study snacks and disappointing your daily step counter of choice during the study process and it’s easy to let that inertia get you down.

  5. A Pre-Test Reward: Plan a trip or mini-adventure for two weeks prior to your exam. Stop studying when you hit that point and do a lot of fun things in the two weeks leading up to your exam.

What was the best piece of advice you received as you started your PE journey?

I appreciated everyone who was humble enough to reveal that it took them two or three times to pass the exam. It was comforting to know that their lives didn’t fall apart immediately and that it didn’t hinder their journeys to becoming respected scientists and engineers. They just refocused, studied better, and got it done.

Walk us through the Big Test Day…

After months and months of preparation, test day approached in October. I recommend doing the following to help keep your peace of mind before/during/after the test:

  • Book a hotel as close to your testing location as possible. Take a half-day from work and travel to the hotel. Go pick some great snacks for your lunch break the next day, eat a good dinner, and watch a great movie.

  • Plan to take off work the day after the exam to de-stress and start getting your life back in order.

  • Reconnect with whatever friends and family will have you back, notice your pets are a little overweight from all the hikes you haven’t been taking them on, and go outside to see what season it is in nature now since you probably missed at least one while studying.

Ten days later, you will receive your results and can send them on to the State Engineering Board for verification.

Here I am repping my top of the line safety gear and the North Central Washington Beekeepers Association, cracking open the overwintered beehives for the first time this season.

How did you feel when you finally got the results?

“All right! Time to go after that beekeeper certification!”

Any parting advice?

In retrospect, was the amount of time I dedicated to this crazy? Could I have gotten away with only 150 hours of preparation or one quick scan of my old college binders the night before? It’s possible, but I think this approach was helpful on three levels.

  1. Preparing the PE is an introspective journey. You get to retread eight years of growth and affirm that you’re not the freshman barely treading water in differential equations anymore.

  2. The process reminded me of the breadth of the skillset I’ve built as a professional and encouraged me to reach out to PMs I don’t usually work with to utilize some of that skillset in new ways. Aspect does water system planning now!

  3. The (over) preparation made exam day a straightforward and easy experience. There were a few questions on topic areas I have never encountered in my day job, but they were a very small portion of the exam. I’d practiced 95% of the test in my review process and was familiar enough with the process that I didn’t have to waste time browsing the reference manual. That allowed plenty of time to make some educated guesses on the material I didn’t know and knock out the exam a couple of hours early.

Taylor Dayton is a Project Engineer at Aspect Consulting in Wenatchee, Washington. Contact her to share any test-taking tips you have.


Favorite Study Resources

PE exam-specific guides:

The NCEES reference manual – Free. This is your only lifeline to the outside world during the exam. Print it out and become familiar with every page and table.

The NCEES practice exam - $30. This is your bible and only insight from the test provider on the actual content of the exam. I recommend attempting this exam once at the start of your studying process and again near the end. Use this to gauge the difficulty of the problems you may encounter on the exam.

PE Environmental Review by Michael Lindburg - $290. The golden standard reference for PE preparation. I committed to reading a few sections of this book each study session. I found it helpful to recall the topics I was familiar with in graduate school, but have not encountered in my current practice. There are other resources available in this series of books if you need additional problem sets to work through (PE Practice, PE Practice Exams), but I did not find them very true to the actual questions on the exam.

School of PE On Demand Lectures and Problem Sets - $340 for one month. I highly recommend the School of PE course to help structure your study approach. They have a much more expensive live version of the course, but one month of the On Demand course was enough for me to review all the lecture video content, annotate the provided course notes, and make a binder of the practice problems they provide. I used the practice problems as the core of my study sessions and they prepared me very well for the test.

Textbooks to Flip Through:

Introduction to Environmental Engineering. Any variety of this kind of textbook will do, but I like the intro book by Gilbert Masters and Wendell Ela. You can find it for a cool $20. It includes great primers on climate change and ozone depletion, risk assessment, indoor air quality, source-reduction and recycling, and groundwater contamination.

Hazardous Waste Management by Michael LeGrega. Your one stop shop for landfill questions.

Water Quality and Treatment by James Edswald. The absolute best handbook for drinking water treatment.

Biological Wastewater Treatment: The golden standard is the Metcalf and Eddy textbook, but I found I preferred Biological Wastewater Treatment by Grady, Dalgger, Love, and Filipe. There are very good comprehensive chapter summaries that I read through that addressed every wastewater question I encountered on the exam.

Trusty Calculator Companion?

I brought along the same loyal TI-36X that I used on the FE exam. I even bought a second one to bring along as a backup, which the test proctor thought was very cool. I’m pretty sure that’s what her expression meant anyway.


Guiding Operators to Safe Design for 1,100+ Dams

The public perception of water supply dams may bring to mind huge reservoirs, such as the Hoover Dam in Nevada and, in the Pacific Northwest, the Grand Coulee dam. However, Washington state also is charged with regulating and monitoring over a thousand dams of varying sizes, most of them under 50 feet tall. These largely earthen dams are used for a variety of irrigation, water quality, and recreation purposes.

Grand Coulee Dam
Source: Bureau of Reclamation

Helping Dam Owners Plan for Storm and Precipitation Impacts on Dams

Washington’s Dam Safety Office conducts design, planning, and construction inspection and monitoring to ensure dams and owners (the majority of the dams they monitor are privately owned) operate in a safe manner. As part of the regulations, dams are required to meet specific risk-based design requirements during major storms, particularly anticipating heavy rain and or snow events.

Every 10 years, precipitation data is gathered across hundreds of weather stations throughout the state for storm event analysis to help determine safety design criteria. These data and analysis are used by dam owners and state dam safety engineers to ensure design requirements are met.

A Better Software Tool for Dam Safety Projects

“We are very happy with the updated calculator developed by the Aspect-MGS team. It will benefit many dam engineers for the next decade.”

- Dam Safety Office manager Joe Witczak.

Aspect’s software development team, in collaboration with Washington’s Dam Safety Office and MGS Engineering Consultants, co-designed and developed a more user intuitive application for both dam owners and dam safety engineers for risk-based design. The Precipitation Magnitude-Frequency Calculator application helps dam owners determine their requirements by dam location and storm duration event. Users can now more easily select their dam location, storm event durations (small, medium, large), and quickly see the safety design requirements for their particular location. The new calculator is available to download as a zip file on the state’s website.

Contact Chris Bellusci and Mike Mills for more information on Aspect’s software development services for science and engineering projects.

Inside Water Rights: Focusing on the Consumptive Use Principle

Washington state water rights law can be both complex and arcane. However, there are key fundamental principles that decide whether a project will get to use water the way they want to. One of these principles is not increasing consumptive use under a water right. This rule originates from the “no impairment” standard in Washington which says you can change your water right to a new use, but you can’t harm any other water right holder by doing so. One way you can impair another’s water right is by increasing the “consumptive use” as a result of your project.

How Spreading Acreage Policy Increased Focus on Consumptive Use

Before 1997, consumptive use was not a common term of art in water rights. That is because the law prohibited increasing the number of acres authorized on your right, even if you wouldn’t use any more water by doing so. This is still the case in Oregon. However, in 1997, the Legislature allowed increases in acreage (also called “spreading”) so long as the consumptive use was not increased.

For example, this allowed farmers to change from 40 acres of orchard to 80 acres of vineyard, which was not allowed before. In order to prevent impairment by an increase in consumptive use, the Legislature created a formula to quantify how much of your total use is divided into consumptive use (which is typically evapotranspired by plants) or return flow (which seeps into the ground and becomes available for others to use).

‘Use-it-or-Lose-it’ and The Loyal Pig Vineyard Story

Loyal Pig Vineyard case hinged on the consumptive use principle, a fundamental element of water rights projects and case law.

Photo Credit: Capital Press

Recently, there was an interesting case hinging on the consumptive use principle that was decided in the Court of Appeals (where it ultimately was denied after an earlier victory in Superior Court). The Loyal Pig case was arguing that it need not calculate consumptive use for its current transfer because it had already done so in a previous transfer less than 5 years earlier. Because the “use-it-or-lose-it” relinquishment standard is a 5-year standard, they sought to harmonize these two different elements of the water code and simplify later transfers. This was important to them because the final amount of acres they sought to spread was not known at the start of their project, but rather a function of how efficient they could be with their crops.

Ultimately, the Court decided that the plain language of the consumptive use test trumped any benefit to harmonize different elements of the water code, although that could be done legislatively. Now Loyal Pig can either appeal to the Supreme Court or start over and process their transfer with the proper calculations.

Knowing the Case Law is Key to Water Rights Permitting

While this case was procedural in nature, it shows that knowing and staying up to date in water rights case law is crucial to water rights permitting success. Aspect routinely works with farmers and agricultural clients on quantifying consumptive use of their water rights and has successfully processed numerous spreading transfers.

Key U.S. Supreme Court Decision on Groundwater and the Clean Water Act

Groundwater flow path from the County of Maui’s Wastewater Reclamation Facility to the Pacific Ocean. This facility is the subject of the U.S. Supreme Court case. An extensive hydrogeologic study was completed to map how pollutants travel through groundwater to the Ocean. Source: Lahaina Groundwater Tracer Study

On Thursday, April 23, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund, setting an important, but difficult to implement, precedent for determining when National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)[1] permits are required for discharges to groundwater.

How this Case Came to Be

The County of Maui discharges treated municipal wastewater to the ground through four wells about a half-mile from the Pacific Ocean. Multiple environmental groups sued under the Clean Water Act, alleging that the discharge required an NPDES permit.

The U.S. District Court agreed with the environmental groups, concluding that a permit was required because the discharge was “functionally one into navigable water.” The Ninth Circuit Court affirmed, establishing a test that permits are required when “pollutants are fairly traceable from the point source to a navigable water.”

The County appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. EPA weighed in, offering an Interpretive Statement that concluded that all releases of pollutants to groundwater are excluded from the Clean Water Act’s permitting program, “regardless of a hydrologic connection between the groundwater and a jurisdictional surface water”.

The Supreme Court set aside the prior approaches by the District Court and Ninth Circuit, and did not give deference to EPA’s opinion, instead crafting their own solution that NPDES permits apply “to a discharge (from a point source) of pollutants that reach navigable water after traveling through groundwater if that discharge is the functional equivalent of a direct discharge from the point source into navigable waters.”

In a recent blog post, attorneys from Stoel Rives view the Court’s decision as taking the middle ground, resulting in the need for potentially difficult case-by-case evaluations based on the non-exclusive list of seven factors the Court defined as important for functional equivalence:

  1. Transit time

  2. Distance traveled

  3. The nature of the material through which the pollutant travels

  4. The extent to which the pollutant is diluted or chemically changed as it travels

  5. The amount of pollutant entering the navigable waters relative to the amount of the pollutant that leaves the point sources

  6. The manner by or area in which the pollutant enters the navigable waters,

  7. The degree to which the pollution (at that point) has maintained its specific identity

Hydrogeologic Science to Increase in Relevance

The opinion established time and distance as the most important factors in most, but not all, cases.

This emphasis will likely prove problematic, because time and distance, while important, are often not enough, by themselves, to resolve the question of whether pollutants are being transported to a surface water. Should it matter how close (in time or distance) a discharge is to a surface water, if the subsurface conditions provide adequate treatment? In many cases, the other factors identified by the court may prove more important. These questions will likely only be resolved through hydrogeologic studies, and in many cases litigation, at the expense of the individual dischargers.

Implications for Pacific Northwest Businesses and Municipalities

This decision has relevance to businesses and municipalities in the Pacific Northwest that discharge stormwater or wastewater to ground. We expect to see increased attention from regulatory agencies and environmental groups focused on discharges to groundwater. In particular, facilities that are currently exempt from the Industrial Stormwater General Permit because they only discharge to ground should carefully examine their discharge relative to this decision.

To learn more and discuss the relevance of this case further, contact Senior Associate Water Resources Engineer Owen Reese at oreese@aspectconsulting.com or 206-838-5844.

[1] NPDES is the federal program that regulates the discharge of pollutants to waters of the United States.

New Western States Water Rights Marketplace Opens

Western Water Market – a new online marketplace to buy and sell water rights – launched in February in Washington state, with plans to eventually expand water rights listings across several western states. WWM looks to streamline a patchy water rights marketplace process, which traditionally has relied mostly on word of mouth to connect buyers and sellers.

Aspect welcomes this site as another way for our clients to reach potential buyers and sellers, and we have migrated several of the water banks we manage to this listing service.

Learn more about Western Water Market in this interview with WWM founder Kristina Ribellia in this recent article with the Capital Press.

Ground Source Heat Pump: Saving Energy Costs and Reducing Carbon Footprints

Our new COVID-19 world has changed every part of work life, including for Aspect. But work does continue on at the same time, as long as it can be done safely, at a distance from others, and consistent with the intent of the current Governor’s Order. Because of the environmental work that we do, Aspect is used to working under strict health and safety procedures. One snapshot of Aspect’s work relates to what our water supply team has been doing for the state’s Public Health Lab in Shoreline, Washington.

Helping to Build a New Public Health Testing Facility

In another year, this may have been just another water supply project – bread-and-butter work for our geologists/hydrogeologists. However, this year finds Aspect’s team working on one of our state’s and the nation’s most unique sites – a Public Health lab that is analyzing COVID-19 tests, among others.

This project was in progress before the COVID-19 news hit—to help design and install a network of ground source heat pump injection and extraction wells to sustainably heat and cool their expanded laboratory efficiently and with a low carbon footprint (another Governor Initiative).

Groundwater to Sustainably Heat and Cool Facility Operations

Why is a ground source heating/cooling method more sustainable? We can use the constant groundwater temperature of about 55 degrees as a way to heat and cool buildings through a mechanical device called a heat pump. The groundwater and heat pump use very little mechanical energy compared to the conventional alternative: a fuel-based boiler and an electrical or water-intensive chiller/air conditioner to heat and cool the laboratory.

The open-loop ground source heat pump system starts with the extraction of groundwater from wells designed and installed by Aspect. The groundwater is then pumped through the heat exchanger then injected back to the ground. No water is lost. The 55 degree ambient temperature of groundwater provides a heat source to heat the lab in the winter and a heat sink to cool the lab in the summer. This system replaces the conventional carbon-based heating and cooling system to reduce carbon footprint and save money in energy costs over a system’s lifespan.

Developing a High-Yield Well in the Middle of the City

The complexities of local Seattle geology can sometimes make high-yield well (i.e., 100+ gallons per minute) development a challenge locally, yet the project team has seen encouraging initial results. Aspect oversaw drilling of a 300-foot-deep boring and conducted a series of tests to assess potential well yields and thermal properties of the ground. After wrapping up well drilling and testing recently, our water supply team is analyzing the hydraulic and thermal modeling, with the goal to have heating design recommendations done by June and delivered to our partner, McKinstry, the mechanical engineering leader of the project team.

Water Supply Testing of Well at the State’s Public Health Lab in April 2020

Zap! Pow! Remediators Unite: Environmental Science in a Comic Book

Aspect feels lucky to have a strong connection with Western Washington’s Huxley College of the Environment in Bellingham. Associate Scientist Kirsi Longley (Huxley College alumnus; featured on page 38 of the below comic!) and Principal Hydrogeologist Steve Germiat have guest lectured there over the years, talking the ins and outs of environmental remediation along with the day-to-day realities of being an environmental consultant. In fact, Steve Germiat presented to the class in March 2020, just a day before they stopped meeting on campus due to COVID-19 risks.

We wanted to turn the spotlight on this innovative and creative group taught by Professor Ruth Sofield. In just one example of creative communication, the students in the Science, Management, and Communication of Contaminated Sites (SMOCS) have taken their learning of environmental remediation and powered it into comic form. The comic is an innovative form of public outreach – and communicates the complexity of environmental cleanup to reach all audiences.

Given the recent COVID-19 public health recommendations, the class is now meeting exclusively online thus highlighting, even more, the importance of unique science storytelling that can reach many audiences even when not physically in the same location.

See the latest example of The Remediators here: https://issuu.com/ruth.sofield/docs/volumefive

Meet Cleo Pineda and Baxter Call

Aspect recently welcomed Cleo Pineda and Baxter Call to our Seattle office. Here are Five Questions we asked to get to know them better…

Cleo Pineda, Stormwater Engineer, EIT

“I rode in a crystal cabin up to the Yao Yue Tea House in Taipei, Taiwan. The floor to ceiling windows provided scenic views of lush green mountains and tall skyscrapers as we approached Maokong mountain…2.5 miles all the way to the top”

1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

I was born in Pampanga, a province located on the largest island of the Philippines. After my grandpa retired from the Navy and received his U.S. citizenship, he settled down in Lacey, Washington, and petitioned for my family and I to come to America. In June of 2000, I flew to the PNW with my two older sisters and our dad. The immigration process for my mom and younger brother took longer than anticipated so they didn’t get to join us until six years later. During the time we were apart, I traveled back to the Philippines to visit them for extended periods of time. I haven’t been back to the Motherland since 2006, but I heard a lot has changed since my last visit and I’d love to go back there someday.

2. What inspired you to pursue stormwater engineering? What made you curious about it?

The deeper I got into my civil engineering major, the more I realized how much it is a service-driven profession as it is a technical profession. I took stormwater design as an elective during my junior year of college, and it was in that class where I first saw the connection between my personal strengths and their impact on serving a “real-world” purpose. Like many engineers, I went into this career to help solve problems—and protecting the health of our waterways was a goal that made the most sense to me.

3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

Every project will get rained on, especially here in the PNW. What’s cool about stormwater design is that each site will have its own unique set of solutions. The design process involves factoring in not only varying site conditions but also the far-reaching implications of stormwater pollution that inspire me to use inventive ways of implementing on-site stormwater management. The days of solely relying on traditional conveyance systems are over. Stormwater design keeps my mind open to new ideas, which is what I love most about engineering in general.

4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

Though I enjoy the “structure” involved in engineering (no pun intended), I make it a point to exercise the right side of my brain too whenever I get the chance. I was raised in a very creative household. My dad showed all my siblings and me how to play instruments, while my mom taught me how to cook Filipino dishes. Some form of art was always happening around me growing up. Now as an adult, I spend most of my free time painting, writing, trying new recipes, or building DIY home improvement projects. During the summer, I take advantage of the nice weather by going on new hikes and city day trips with my loved ones.

5. Anything else you’d like us to know about you?

Experiencing different cultures is one my life’s greatest pleasures. Last year, I got to explore different parts of Asia (Tokyo and Taipei). This year, I will be going to Europe for the first time. I’m excited to visit Paris with my boyfriend and family in October.

Baxter Call, EIT, Environmental Engineer

1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

I was born in Seattle and grew up living on Vashon Island. Being a kid on a small island, I feel like I had the quintessential PNW experience; sea kayaking and biking in the summers and skiing on the weekends in the winter were certainly the highlights! That love of the outdoors has kept me firmly planted in the PNW—I only got as far as the Willamette Valley in Oregon for any significant amount of time before moving back to Seattle. Corvallis, where I completed my undergraduate degree, feels a lot like Vashon in that it is content to exist a little removed from the hustle and bustle of city life. Living in Seattle has been a great new experience and offers a lot more variety than I am used to, although I have discovered that I have no patience for sitting in traffic and try to avoid it at every opportunity.

2. What inspired you to pursue environmental engineering? What made you curious about it?

I have to thank my parents for introducing the idea of environmentalism to me. They framed it as an effort to protect the things that we derive such enjoyment from and are so easy to take for granted. That idea has stuck with me and is certainly why I chose Environmental Engineering without hesitation when I started college, and I haven’t looked back since. My interest started to focus when I began taking more classes related to chemical fate and transport in the environment. I think that there is a really engaging problem-solving challenge to environmental engineering work, and that has always held my attention.

3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

Something I find very exciting about my area of expertise is the long-time scale that we work on. Environmental processes are slow, even considering all we do to accelerate them. While that does not sound conventionally exciting, it forces you to take a step back and consider the big picture. When you adopt that way of thinking the anxiety of day-to-day, minutia disappears and what you are left with is a body of work that you can be proud of. I really connect with that idea and it helps me work come to work every day with a purpose.

4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

Rowing has been a huge part of my life since I was 14 years old and continues to be something that I derive an immense amount of pleasure from. As I have gotten older, and the injuries have piled up, I have shifted my focus away from competing and towards coaching. Most weekday evenings and early weekend mornings you can find me barking at the Green Lake Crew high school guys team. I also enjoy running and biking, which have been a great way to familiarize myself with the city.  

5. Where in the world would you like to travel next?

I have not traveled nearly as much as I should, so I have a lot of ground to make up in this category. Madagascar is a destination that is on my radar right now. One of my best friends is in the middle of a Peace Corps deployment in Madagascar. The country sounds very interesting, and the opportunity to go and visit him makes it easy to justify traveling there when normally Madagascar might be forgotten with so many other cool places to visit.

Water Bank Pioneering at the Washington and Canada Border: Interview with Oroville-Tonasket Irrigation District

Oroville-Tonasket Irrigation District (OTID), located in north-central Washington State, enjoys senior water supplies from its sources in Lake Osoyoos and the Okanagan River. However, the region has undergone droughts in recent years, resulting in curtailment for junior water rights. In order to make use of its currently available water right and help those without reliable water supply, OTID – with technical and regulatory support from Aspect - set up a water bank that can lease a portion of its unused water to interested customers in the Okanogan River basin, and downstream along the mainstem Columbia River.

Water banking is a relatively newer concept to Washington state and this is the first time this model has been tried in the Upper Columbia Basin, which reaches the Canadian border. In this interview with OTID Secretary-Manager Jay O’Brien and the national magazine Irrigation Leader, Jay speaks about the inspiration for the district’s water banking system, how it works, and how the same concept can benefit other irrigation districts across the region.

Read the article here: http://irrigationleadermagazine.com/

Meet Bryn Olason and Bodie McCosby!

Aspect recently welcomed Bryn Olason and Bodie McCosby to our Seattle office. Here are Five Questions we asked to get to know them better…

Bryn Olason - Marketing Assistant

  1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

    I grew up on Bainbridge Island and love everything Pacific Northwest. After spending some time living in Los Angeles to attend the University of Southern California and a semester studying in Copenhagen, I confirmed that the PNW is where I wanted to land (although Denmark certainly is an amazing place to live).

  2. What inspired you to pursue marketing for consulting/construction firms? What made you curious about it?

    I have always enjoyed discovering creative solutions for practical problems. I found that marketing and graphic design were a perfect fit for my interests. Also, they are widely applicable, which allowed me to explore a variety of industries, from filmmaking to construction. I am now happy that I can take my experience in construction marketing and apply it at Aspect, where the environment and natural resources are at the forefront.

  3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

    I get to learn new things and work with different people every day. I then get to capture the interests of this diverse collection of colleagues and use my creative expertise to bring it to life. It’s satisfying to find a simple, intriguing way to convey a complex message.

  4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

    I rowed at USC and am excited to join a Seattle masters rowing club. I love anything on the water and anything outdoors, including hiking, climbing, skiing, and cycling. I also enjoy taking photos of all these outdoor adventures, and then visiting a local brewery afterwards (preferably one with dogs).

  5. Where would you like to travel next?

    New Zealand! I want to rent a van and drive around for a couple weeks, camp in scenic spots, do a ton of hiking, and take some amazing photos.

J. Bodie McCosby - Staff Scientist

  1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

    I grew up in Evans City, Pennsylvania, a small town just north of Pittsburgh. I first came to the Pacific Northwest three years ago when I got accepted into the geology graduate program at Central Washington University. After living in Ellensburg for most of our time in Washington, my wife Rebekah and I are excited about the adventures and opportunities Seattle present.

  2. What inspired you to pursue engineering geology? What made you curious about it?

    I am pretty new to the field of engineering geology specifically. Most of my experience has been focused on geologic field mapping. I first got interested in engineering geology in graduate school when I realized that I did not want to continue to pursue a career in academia. I started exploring my options and was quickly drawn to geologic consulting. What initially made me curious was the prospect of using my geologic skills and knowledge to help solve tangible and real-world problems.

  3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

    My favorite thing about making maps or just working on projects in general, is collecting and compiling data to tell a meaningful story that (hopefully) answers some question or solves a problem. I get most excited about work when I feel like I am being challenged or that I am making valuable contributions. I really enjoy feeling useful and that my presence is making a difference.

  4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

    When we are not working, Rebekah and I enjoy cooking, rock climbing, backpacking, and playing board games. On any given Saturday you might find us playing cards at Caffe Umbria, gearing up for a day at the crag, or just relaxing on the couch with our cat Louise (Lou for short). We are new to Seattle and are always looking to meet new people and experience all that the Pacific Northwest has to offer.

  5. Where in the world would you like to travel next?

    I really want to visit Portugal. No specific reason really, just seems like a neat place.

Water Banking Takes Center Stage in Washington State 2020 Legislative Agenda

The 2020 Washington State legislative session kicked off in January and the future of water rights and water banking in the state are taking center stage in the early legislative discussions. At least six prominent bills centering around the State’s “Trust Water Rights” program are being proposed. These bills range from advocating for incremental changes to fundamentally altering how water is permitted, including ideas to prevent or add new criteria for out-of-basin transfers; set up a new “community needs” test to form a water bank; prevent conservancy boards from working on water banks anymore; to charge money for setting up and running banks to cover State time.

Why is Water Banking a Hot Topic?

There’s been an increasing public spotlight in Washington State water permitting issues, including some recent worries that out-of-area speculation is influencing the water market. A reminder that in 2017, the entire $4 Billion state legislative session hinged on the resolution of the Hirst water rights negotiations. That 2017 legislation eventually led to the 2018 Streamflow Restoration Act, which manages over $300 million dollars in state funding to address water rights and supply challenges throughout the state’s watersheds to help habitat, agriculture, and communities over the next 15 years.

Current Water Rights Resources and Information

There’s a range of informed news and opinion resources on this complex topic of water rights and water banking, here are just a few recent ones to stay informed:

Learn More About Water Banking

Aspect is heavily involved in the water banking arena, helping clients with policy (with Washington State University on the Columbia Basin Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Forecast) setting up and running banks (e.g., Oroville-Tonasket Irrigation District (OTID) and the Bourne bank, among others), and helping connect buyers and sellers at the local level.

Contact Dan Haller or Tim Flynn to learn more.

The Rainy Season Part 1: When Geohazard and Stormwater Specialists Shine

The end of 2019 and the first months of 2020 brought unprecedented rainfall across the Pacific Northwest—as just two examples, January was the third wettest Seattle month ever; areas in Northeast Oregon received 10 inches of rain in 3 days. This even-rainier-than-usual season has inundated the region with flooding and landslides. These events are a threat to the safety of homes, businesses, and infrastructure. In this two-part series, we’re highlighting how Aspect professionals have been helping assess earth and water challenges caused by the rain and help communities and clients problem-solve.

Our first part of the series looks at some of the scientific tools we use to track hazardous conditions during wet weather and how we respond to help local communities assess and repair damage from earth movement.

Landslides: When Water and Steep Slopes Don’t Mix

Landslides lie dormant and unseen to the untrained eye for years, and even decades. However, intense short-term or persistent long-term rainfall can waterlog steep slopes and awaken landslides triggering widespread damage. In February 2020, following a period of heavy precipitation, a landslide six miles south of Bellingham shut down half of Washington State’s main business artery – Interstate 5 – for half a day. 

Location of landslide across Interstate 5 south of Bellingham in February 2020

Photo Credit: Whatcom County Weather

One Tool to Understand Landslide Risk: Cumulative Precipitation Threshold 

Among other monitoring approaches, Aspect’s geohazard team uses a public tool created by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to help continuously assess the level of landslide risk in the Puget Sound region.

This tool was developed after reviewing data on historical conditions from 1933 through 1997, including several notable intense rain events that triggered multiple landslides in the Puget Sound area—notably those in 1986 and 1997, which are two of the biggest landslide “years” in Seattle history because of the amount of rainfall (and for 1997, the rain fell on top of snow during the winter, creating significant soil saturation conditions).

The tool uses monitoring points near Puget Sound coastal bluffs to give a snapshot of rainfall intensity and duration in the area. From these data, the USGS developed “rainfall thresholds” to forecast landslide potential and risk along rail corridors between SeaTac and Everett.

From this data, the USGS developed an intensity (I) and duration (D) relationship (shown above).

For example, on the left side, the graph shows that 1/10th (0.1) of an inch of rain per hour, falling steadily for about 22 hours, is enough to enter the high-risk threshold (yellow area over the blue line). Similarly, about 1/20th (0.05) of an inch per hour falling over 45 hours will enter the threshold. This means short-intense rain AND less intense, but long-duration rainfall can both oversaturate the ground and cause a landslide.

How Wet Has Winter 2020 Been in the Pacific Northwest?

Thanks to recent data from the USGS’ Mukilteo monitoring station, Winter 2020 in the Seattle area has been a season of unrelenting precipitation. We’ve had two different periods where the Seattle area has been over the cumulative landslide threshold for two straight weeks.

This is a snapshot of Jan 29, 2020, landslide threshold graph. Any symbols to the right of (or above) the red line indicates heightened landslide risk. Taking about a 2-month period, from Dec 1, 2019 – Feb 11, 2020, the Seattle area has been to the right of the line twice for significant, extended periods of time (for about two weeks straight each time—Dec 20, 2019, through about January 7, 2020, and from January 28, 2020, through Feb 11, 2020.) Special thanks to Rex Baum of the USGS for the recent Seattle-area 2020 data.

That is a substantial amount of time for soils to stay wet because, well, water is heavy. And when water saturates soil over longer-than-normal periods it adds enough weight that can cause the soil to move on steep slopes. Think about the difference between a box of feathers on a sloped bed of marbles versus a box of wet feathers on that same sloped bed of marbles. The heavier that box becomes it starts to move. Here are some additional technical factors involved in this kind of landslide:

  • A buildup of groundwater can pressurize the soil’s pore spaces, which reduces the strength of the soils causing the soils to fracture or slide.

  • Trees and their root structures can greatly reinforce shallow soils, but they have less ability to hold onto soils that have lost strength due to saturation, leading to loss of strength in the soil reinforced layer and toppling of shallow, rooted trees.

Responding to Geohazards

When active landslide hazard potential rises, Aspect’s geologists and geotechnical engineers prepare to support local agencies with whom we have on-call contracts. These contacts often include specific language that Aspect be ready to support public works staff as they respond to sudden or emergency geohazard events. During this last round of heavy precipitation, we were spurred to action with a call from the City of Kenmore—we provide geotechnical services as part of their team for an on-call contract—about a landslide impacting a roadway. We were on site to assess conditions within about one hour.

Result of a shallow surface landslide in Kenmore, which closed part of a road in the City.

Another view of the slide that resulted from heavy rains, which Aspect responded to within an hour.

The City wanted Aspect to assess potential risks. Are the residences atop the slope safe from further movement? How will removing the weight of the slide debris affect the slide? Our assessment concluded the slide posed a low risk to the residences and we were able to assure the City that removing the debris would not create further concerns for the slope.

Stay tuned for Part 2 of our Rainy Season series – where we learn how stormwater and water quality experts “storm chase” to track storms and perform water monitoring in wet conditions.

Leadership Training in the Built Environment: One Engineer’s Perspective

The built environment (i.e., the man-made environments we live and work in) is developed by interdisciplinary teams of planners, architects, engineers, permitting and construction experts, and other professions. Given the complexity of building in today’s urban world, setting aside time outside of project delivery to connect—and learn from—each other is challenging. The Urban Land Institute (ULI) is the world’s oldest and largest network of real estate and land use professionals and with over 1,000 member organizations. ULI’s Northwest chapter is a thriving network of 1,000 professional members and facilitates connection and professional development opportunities in the region.

Aspect’s Associate Engineer Adam Griffin recently completed ULI’s six-month Center for Leadership (CfL) program with a cohort of 36 fellow professionals. Adam shares some thoughts on this program and the value of trying something different to grow professionally.

Adam (center left, middle row in solid blue shirt) and his Center for Leadership Cohort

 What was the program like?

My cohort was the 5th of the CfL program, which consisted of 6 sessions culminating in a team deliverable and presentation to the Puget Sound Regional Council. The regional ULI staff have refined a program that weaves leadership development into the region’s built environment vision, projects, and challenges. The leadership element is founded on your DiSC® profile[1] in the first session and evolves to sessions and projects where teams are designed based on leadership profiles. Session themes ranged from “Urban/Rural Divide: Finding Common Ground” to “Resilience in the Age of Disruption” and were hosted at some of the region’s coolest spaces (i.e., the Amazon sphere)—my favorite spot was Taylor’s Shellfish Farms on West Samish Bay on a bluebird day!

What did you learn?

A lot! Awareness of my Steady leadership profile (from my DiSC® assessment)—tendencies, strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for growth—and how to apply this awareness to my own professional growth. This program was a departure in how I’ve historically used my professional development time and I learned that when you step outside of your comfort zone, growth and learning are inevitable. I re-learned that relationships are the best investment of professional time. I also learned about the vision and ambition of our region, and what a tremendous opportunity we currently have to shape it.

[1] DiSC is a non-judgmental communication tool that stands for Dominance, Influence, Conscientiousness, and Steadiness. It’s similar to a Myer Briggs approach but focused on describing someone’s communications style—including priorities, motivators, and stress triggers.

Meet Jill Van Hulle and Jennifer Lawson!

Jill Van Hulle and Jennifer Lawson recently joined Aspect, in our (new!) Olympia and Seattle office, respectively. Here are five questions we asked to get to know them better…

Jill Van Hulle, Associate Water Rights Specialist

  1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

    I’m an Alaskan Girl to my core—grew up on Kodiak Island and finished high school in Juneau. I came to Washington for college and never actually meant to leave Alaska, but a summer internship with the Washington State Department of Ecology morphed into a permanent job and I never escaped!

  2. What inspired you to pursue Water Resources? What made you curious about it?

    I’m embarrassed to say that I didn’t even realize the field existed—I thought I was interviewing for a job in the water quality program. For my first job task, I was handed a GPS unit the size of a car battery (it WAS a long time ago), dropped off with my hip boots in the middle of the Salmon Creek watershed in Clark County, and told to look for illegal water diversions. I was hooked!

  3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

    I love the nexus between water management, water law, policy, and science. Water Resources is exciting—I enjoy the variety of projects and people I get to work with.

  4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

    I like to build big campfires on my Cle Elum property and settle in with some whiskey (on ice) and maybe a good book. I also love to hike, especially if there is a chance to find mushrooms and dig for razor clams out on the Washington coast.

  5. Where would you like to travel next?

    I have a weakness for Hawaii and love to snorkel, hike, and eat buckets of poke from the local grocery stores. Longer range, I have good friends that do water supply work in Cambodia, and they have been begging me to go with them.

Jennifer Lawson, Environmental Planner

Icicle Ridge, overlooking Leavenworth, Washington

  1. Where are you from? If you’re not from the Pacific Northwest, what brought you here?

    I’m a rare Seattle native. I grew up in northwest Seattle. I moved away a few times and found I missed the green, the trees, the water, the mountain views, and my family.

  2. What inspired you to pursue Environmental Planning? What made you curious about it?

    My academic background is in forestry, botany, and landscape ecology. I spent a handful of years chasing seasonal field assistant and data collection positions, then two things happened: (1) I started to crave some creature comforts (living out of a backpack, alone or with one or two other smelly humans and being perpetually cold and hungry often left me fantasizing about hot water on demand, grocery stores, and an expanded social circle), and (2) I had a lot of time to stare at the stars and wonder why I (and others) do what they do: why do scientists study what they study? What is the application? How do we weigh and measure natural resource demands and desires with protection, conservation, and restoration of the natural gifts and ecosystems that sustain us and all life?

    I looked toward some of my mentors and discovered yes, they were scientists by training and loved wandering in the woods, but moreover, they were writing papers, testifying before congress and working in multi-disciplinary groups to tackle big concerns and craft comprehensive resource management plans. I am inherently a detail-oriented person and saw environmental impact analysis and environmental planning as ways to expand my big-picture thinking skills and maybe do something that had a practical application and served people as well as plants and fish.

  3. What do you like best about your area of expertise? What excites you and keeps you motivated?

    Environmental planning is by nature collaborative, changing, a little bit messy, and ideally grounded in reason and science. It requires people to look up and talk to each other, to engage, consult and consider people, populations, and elements they may not otherwise. It requires compromise and adaptive management. There has been a growing buzz about social and environmental justice this past decade.

    I see humans—individuals, societies and cultures—as an integral and inseparable part of the physical, biological and chemical processes that sustain them. Environmental planning is a powerful tool that offers the opportunity for inclusiveness and stewardship. I value and appreciate bringing stakeholders and ideas to the table, giving them a voice, and translating all the voices into practical, feasible and necessary strategies for managing and interacting with the natural and built environment.

  4. What do you like to do when you aren’t working?

    I need a lot of time walking outdoors to maintain my sense of grounding and being human, so I take any chance I get to walk, hike, or somehow plot one foot in front of the other and look at the sky. I’m also a nutrition science nerd and a podcast junkie. I can tell you all the ins and outs of “keto” and the autoimmune paleo protocol; walk you through a tailored elimination diet and reintroduction; and write a love letter describing the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-axis) and all the things we do in modern life to drive stress overload and knock that axis off-kilter. I love learning about that stuff. I also scratch cook most everything—out of necessity and interest—and am a total foodie at heart thanks to my years of restaurant and catering work to pay for school. Hanging out with my two wildly energetic and crazy daughters deserves an honorable mention.

  5. Where in the world would you like to travel next?

    Travel hasn’t been on my radar for many years due to a collection of circumstances. I’d love to go to northern England and Scotland and work with modern-day sheepherders for a stint, preferably in the spring and summer months.

Robyn Pepin and Spencer Ambauen Talk Fish Habitat Solutions at River Restoration Northwest

The 19th annual River Restoration Northwest symposium is this week in Stevenson, Washington. Representatives from Aspect’s Seattle, Wenatchee, and Portland offices are attending to cheer on presentations by two of our colleagues focused on removing fish passage barriers in the Pacific Northwest.

Senior GIS Analyst Robyn Pepin’s presentation “Data-Driven Decision Making: An Innovative Prioritization Tool for Restoration (and more!)” showcases the methodology behind the GIS-based tool she created in partnership with the Upper Columbia Salmon Recovery Board that synthesizes and streamlines numerous data sets to prioritize what barriers are most need of removal in the Wenatchee Basin.

Spencer Ambauen is presenting his poster on the Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge System (GRS-IBS). This bridge construction system is made from alternates layers of compacted structural fill soils and a mesh-like geosynthetic reinforcement that can be used in many subsurface and seismic conditions. For public agencies looking to replace hundreds of aging, undersized culverts and other structures hindering riparian habitat, GRS-IBS bridges are a less expensive option that are easier to construct and maintain. These bridges becoming more common across the east coast, but so far there have been only two constructed in Washington state. Spencer is well familiar with the GRS-IBS system; masters thesis involved numerical modeling to evaluate how these bridges behave under surcharge loading, and he completed design for an GRS-IBS bridge for the Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife to enhance fish passage at Tolmie State Park near Olympia.

From Historic Sawmill Dump Site to Seattle Workforce Housing

The historic Pioneer Square district—the front porch to Seattle’s downtown waterfront—is the City’s first neighborhood. The area is shaped by its proximity to the waterfront, active seismology, and over 150 years of urban development, infill, and industry– including housing one of Seattle’s first true startups, the Yesler Lumber Mill.

Built in the early 1850s, the Yesler sawmill was a steam-powered sawmill on the shores of the growing downtown Seattle.
Photo Credit: www.historylink.org

These confluence of factors also trigger specific criteria for building in the neighborhood today – taking historical preservation compliance, seismic codes, and a tricky subsurface into account.

In the heart of the neighborhood, at 165 South Washington Street, Aspect is helping Johnson & Carr, LLC guide the development of an eight-story workforce housing project. The site – currently a vacant pit – formerly housed an apartment building bearing directly on weak urban fill and sawdust. That building was damaged in two separate earthquakes – the 1949 (Olympia) earthquake and 2001 (Nisqually) earthquake, leading to it being condemned and demolished.

The project site, currently a vacant pit that’s sat unused for years, awaits design and construction of a new 8-story workforce housing building.

The Complexity of Seattle’s Original Sawmill Dumpsite

This project site is directly influenced by the past in several ways. It was originally a tidal marsh, used over a century ago, among other things, as a dumping ground for sawdust from the Yesler Mill. This means current project design must grapple with up to 25 feet of sawdust fill in the subsurface. As white settlers filled the surrounding waterfront during the Klondike Gold Rush era, the former tidelands were swallowed up by all manner of new buildings and roads in the haste to infill the neighborhood (as seen on the figure below).In addition, several seismic sources contribute to the seismic risk at the site, including the Seattle Fault Zone which is less than 2 miles away, and the Cascadia Subduction Zone, which can trigger a magnitude 9 earthquake. The seismology, historical uses of the project area, and decades and decades of man-made development have only added to the complexity of building here.

The project site was the dumping ground for sawdust from the nearby Yesler mill. The map on the right shows how much the downtown Seattle shoreline has changed in the last 150 years.

Next Steps: Geotechnical, Seismic, and Engineering Problem Solving

To set the stage for building design and construction in this complicated subsurface, Aspect is conducting several geotechnical and environmental evaluations to develop design recommendations to solve the challenges posed by the historical fill and sawdust at the site. Our detailed evaluations include:

  • Conducting a site-specific seismic response analysis which includes determining dynamic properties of the sawdust to model its behavior under seismic loads

  • Conducting deep foundation design to transfer building loads to underlying competent soils

  • Evaluating and mitigating risk associated with environmental issues which are ubiquitous with the historic fill throughout the Pioneer Square area.

The Vision: Realizing More Affordable Workforce Housing for the Community

These evaluations will be critical to shepherd the development through the City of Seattle’s permitting process and help create more workforce housing in the area. Workforce housing aims to provide a more affordable rental option within high real estate cost areas for workers essential to the local economy, such as service workers, police officers, fire fighters, teachers, nurses, and medical personnel.

When completed, Pioneer Square will gain a new eight-story building with street-level commercial space below seven stories of residential workforce housing.